Lab 2 formatting tweaks.

.gitignore

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# Project exclude paths
-/out/

.idea/.gitignore

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-# Default ignored files
-/shelf/
-/workspace.xml
-# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
-/httpRequests/
-# Datasource local storage ignored files
-/dataSources/
-/dataSources.local.xml

.idea/misc.xml

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_18" default="true" project-jdk-name="openjdk-18" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK">
-    <output url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/out" />
-  </component>
-</project>

.idea/modules.xml

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
-    <modules>
-      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/OOP_IO-2x_2023.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/OOP_IO-2x_2023.iml" />
-    </modules>
-  </component>
-</project>

.idea/uiDesigner.xml

@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="Palette2">
-    <group name="Swing">
-      <item class="com.intellij.uiDesigner.HSpacer" tooltip-text="Horizontal Spacer" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/hspacer.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="false" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="1" hsize-policy="6" anchor="0" fill="1" />
-      </item>
-      <item class="com.intellij.uiDesigner.VSpacer" tooltip-text="Vertical Spacer" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/vspacer.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="false" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="6" hsize-policy="1" anchor="0" fill="2" />
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JPanel" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/panel.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="false" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="3" hsize-policy="3" anchor="0" fill="3" />
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JScrollPane" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/scrollPane.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="false" can-attach-label="true">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="7" hsize-policy="7" anchor="0" fill="3" />
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JButton" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/button.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="3" anchor="0" fill="1" />
-        <initial-values>
-          <property name="text" value="Button" />
-        </initial-values>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JRadioButton" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/radioButton.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="3" anchor="8" fill="0" />
-        <initial-values>
-          <property name="text" value="RadioButton" />
-        </initial-values>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JCheckBox" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/checkBox.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="3" anchor="8" fill="0" />
-        <initial-values>
-          <property name="text" value="CheckBox" />
-        </initial-values>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JLabel" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/label.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="false" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="0" anchor="8" fill="0" />
-        <initial-values>
-          <property name="text" value="Label" />
-        </initial-values>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JTextField" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/textField.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="true">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="6" anchor="8" fill="1">
-          <preferred-size width="150" height="-1" />
-        </default-constraints>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JPasswordField" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/passwordField.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="true">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="6" anchor="8" fill="1">
-          <preferred-size width="150" height="-1" />
-        </default-constraints>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JFormattedTextField" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/formattedTextField.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="true">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="6" anchor="8" fill="1">
-          <preferred-size width="150" height="-1" />
-        </default-constraints>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JTextArea" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/textArea.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="true">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="6" hsize-policy="6" anchor="0" fill="3">
-          <preferred-size width="150" height="50" />
-        </default-constraints>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JTextPane" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/textPane.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="true">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="6" hsize-policy="6" anchor="0" fill="3">
-          <preferred-size width="150" height="50" />
-        </default-constraints>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JEditorPane" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/editorPane.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="true">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="6" hsize-policy="6" anchor="0" fill="3">
-          <preferred-size width="150" height="50" />
-        </default-constraints>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JComboBox" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/comboBox.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="true">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="2" anchor="8" fill="1" />
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JTable" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/table.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="6" hsize-policy="6" anchor="0" fill="3">
-          <preferred-size width="150" height="50" />
-        </default-constraints>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JList" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/list.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="6" hsize-policy="2" anchor="0" fill="3">
-          <preferred-size width="150" height="50" />
-        </default-constraints>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JTree" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/tree.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="6" hsize-policy="6" anchor="0" fill="3">
-          <preferred-size width="150" height="50" />
-        </default-constraints>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JTabbedPane" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/tabbedPane.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="3" hsize-policy="3" anchor="0" fill="3">
-          <preferred-size width="200" height="200" />
-        </default-constraints>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JSplitPane" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/splitPane.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="false" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="3" hsize-policy="3" anchor="0" fill="3">
-          <preferred-size width="200" height="200" />
-        </default-constraints>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JSpinner" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/spinner.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="true">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="6" anchor="8" fill="1" />
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JSlider" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/slider.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="6" anchor="8" fill="1" />
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JSeparator" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/separator.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="false" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="6" hsize-policy="6" anchor="0" fill="3" />
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JProgressBar" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/progressbar.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="6" anchor="0" fill="1" />
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JToolBar" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/toolbar.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="false" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="6" anchor="0" fill="1">
-          <preferred-size width="-1" height="20" />
-        </default-constraints>
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JToolBar$Separator" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/toolbarSeparator.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="false" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="0" hsize-policy="0" anchor="0" fill="1" />
-      </item>
-      <item class="javax.swing.JScrollBar" icon="/com/intellij/uiDesigner/icons/scrollbar.svg" removable="false" auto-create-binding="true" can-attach-label="false">
-        <default-constraints vsize-policy="6" hsize-policy="0" anchor="0" fill="2" />
-      </item>
-    </group>
-  </component>
-</project>

.idea/vcs.xml

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<project version="4">
-  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
-    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$" vcs="Git" />
-  </component>
-</project>

Java/lab_1/lab_1.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+ package OOP.Java.lab_1;
+
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+public class lab_1 {
+    
+    public static int protectedInput(String variableToRead, Scanner input) {
+        do {
+            try {
+                System.out.printf("Enter %s: ", variableToRead);
+                return input.nextInt();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                System.out.printf("%s must be an integer.\n", variableToRead.toUpperCase());
+                input.nextLine();
+            }
+        } while (true);
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
+
+        final int n = protectedInput("n", input);
+        final int m = protectedInput("m", input);
+        final int a = protectedInput("a", input);
+        final int b = protectedInput("b", input);
+
+        input.close();
+
+        final float s = ((float) (b + m) / 2) * (m - b + 1) * (n - a + 1);
+
+        System.out.println("S = " + s);
+    }
+}

Java/lab_1/lab_1.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_1
+
+fun protectedInput(variableName: String): Int {
+    do {
+        try {
+            print("Enter $variableName: ")
+            return readln().toInt()
+        } catch (e: Exception) {
+            println("${variableName.uppercase()} must be an integer!")
+        }
+    } while (true)
+}
+
+fun main() {
+    val n: Int = protectedInput("n")
+    val m: Int = protectedInput("m")
+    val a: Int = protectedInput("a")
+    val b: Int = protectedInput("b")
+
+    val s: Float = (b + m).toFloat() / 2 * (m - b + 1) * (n - a + 1)
+
+    println("S = $s")
+}

Java/lab_2/lab_2.java

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_2;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Contract;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+public class lab_2 {
+
+    public static short protectedInput(String inputPrompt, String errorMessage, Scanner input) {
+        short read_variable;
+
+        do {
+            try {
+                System.out.println();
+                System.out.print(inputPrompt);
+
+                read_variable = input.nextShort();
+                break;
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                System.out.println(errorMessage);
+                input.nextLine();
+            }
+        } while (true);
+
+        return read_variable;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    public static String format(int number) {
+        int width = String.valueOf(number).length() + 1;
+
+        return "|%" + width + "d ";
+    }
+
+    @Contract(pure = true)
+    public static double average(@NotNull short[] row) {
+        short sum = 0;
+
+        for (short element : row) {
+            sum += element;
+        }
+
+        return (double) sum / row.length;
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        short rows, columns;
+
+        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
+
+        final short a = protectedInput("Input a constant to multiply a matrix by: ",
+                "A constant must be a short-data type integer, try again.", input);
+
+        System.out.println();
+        System.out.println("Input size of the matrix.");
+
+        do {
+            rows = protectedInput("Rows: ",
+                    "A number of rows must be a short-data type integer, try again.", input);
+        } while (rows <= 0);
+
+        do {
+            columns = protectedInput("Columns: ",
+                    "A number of columns must be a short-data type integer, try again.", input);
+        } while (columns <= 0);
+
+        input.close();
+
+        short[][] matrix_B = new short[rows][columns];
+
+        System.out.println();
+        System.out.println("Matrix B:");
+
+        String format = format(rows * columns);
+
+        for (short i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
+            for (short j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
+                matrix_B[i][j] = (short) ((i + 1) * (j + 1));
+
+                System.out.printf(format, matrix_B[i][j]);
+            }
+
+            System.out.println("|");
+        }
+
+        System.out.println();
+        System.out.println("Matrix a×B:");
+
+        format = format(rows * columns * a);
+
+        for (short i = 0; i < matrix_B.length; i++) {
+            for (short j = 0; j < matrix_B[i].length; j++) {
+                matrix_B[i][j] *= (a);
+
+                System.out.printf(format, matrix_B[i][j]);
+            }
+
+            System.out.println("|");
+        }
+
+        System.out.println();
+        System.out.println("Averages of each row:");
+
+        for (short[] row : matrix_B) {
+            System.out.println(average(row));
+        }
+    }
+}

Java/lab_3/lab_3.java

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_3;
+
+public class lab_3 {
+    static int maxStrLength;
+    static String result;
+    
+    public static void cSubUtil(StringBuilder stringbuilder, int leftBoundary, int rightBoundary) {
+        String string = stringbuilder.toString().toLowerCase().replaceAll("[^a-z]","");
+        // check if the indices lie in the range of string
+        // and also if it is palindrome
+        while (leftBoundary >= 0 && rightBoundary < string.length() && string.toLowerCase().charAt(leftBoundary) == string.toLowerCase().charAt(rightBoundary)) {
+            // expand the boundary
+            leftBoundary--;
+            rightBoundary++;
+        }
+        // if it's length is greater than maxStrLength update
+        // maxLength and result
+        if (rightBoundary - leftBoundary - 1 >= maxStrLength) {
+            result = string.substring(leftBoundary + 1, rightBoundary);
+            maxStrLength = rightBoundary - leftBoundary - 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static int longestPalSubstr(StringBuilder string)
+    {
+        result = "";
+        maxStrLength = 1;
+        // for every index in the string check palindromes
+        // starting from that index
+        for (int i = 0; i < string.length(); i++) {
+            // check for odd length palindromes
+            cSubUtil(string, i, i);
+            // check for even length palindromes
+            cSubUtil(string, i, i + 1);
+        }
+        System.out.println("Longest palindrome substring is: " + compareStrings(string));
+        return compareStrings(string).length();
+    }
+
+    public static String compareStrings(StringBuilder builder) {
+        for (int leftBoundary = 0; leftBoundary <= builder.length(); leftBoundary++) {
+            for (int rightBoundary = builder.length(); rightBoundary >= leftBoundary; rightBoundary--) {
+                if (result.equals(builder.substring(leftBoundary, rightBoundary).toLowerCase().replaceAll("[^a-z]",""))) {
+                    return builder.substring(leftBoundary, rightBoundary);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        StringBuilder stringToDetect = new StringBuilder("Eva, can I see bees in a cave?");
+
+        System.out.println("Initial string: " + stringToDetect);
+        System.out.println("Length is: " + longestPalSubstr(stringToDetect));
+    }
+}

Java/lab_4/Furniture.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_4
+
+class Furniture(val name: String, val material: String, val price: Int, val length: Int, val width: Int, val height: Int) {
+    fun print(nameWidth: Int, materialWidth: Int, priceWidth: Int){
+        print("Furniture stats: {")
+        print("Name: ${this.name.padEnd(nameWidth)}   ")
+        print("Material: ${this.material.padEnd(materialWidth)}   ")
+        print("Price: ${(this.price.toString() + " cu").padEnd(priceWidth + 3)}   ")
+        print("Size: ${this.length}×${this.width}×${this.height}};\n")
+    }
+}

Java/lab_4/lab_4.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_4
+
+fun main() {
+    val furnitureArray = arrayOf(
+        Furniture("Chair", "Wood", 10, 5, 5, 10),
+        Furniture("Counter-top", "Marble", 1_000, 10, 5, 1),
+        Furniture("Dinner table", "Glass", 500, 15, 10, 1),
+        Furniture("Office table", "Wood", 200, 10, 7, 1),
+        Furniture("Refrigerator", "Stainless steel", 20_000, 8, 4, 10)
+    )
+
+    val maxNameWidth = furnitureArray.maxWith(Comparator.comparingInt { it.name.length }).name.length
+    val maxMaterialWidth = furnitureArray.maxWith(Comparator.comparingInt { it.material.length }).material.length
+    val maxPriceWidth = furnitureArray.maxWith(Comparator.comparingInt { it.price }).price.toString().length
+
+    println("\nUnsorted array:")
+    for (item in furnitureArray) item.print(maxNameWidth, maxMaterialWidth, maxPriceWidth)
+
+    println("\nSorted alphabetically by name:")
+    furnitureArray.sortBy { it.name }
+    for (item in furnitureArray) item.print(maxNameWidth, maxMaterialWidth, maxPriceWidth)
+
+    println("\nSorted alphabetically by material:")
+    furnitureArray.sortBy { it.material }
+    for (item in furnitureArray) item.print(maxNameWidth, maxMaterialWidth, maxPriceWidth)
+}

Java/lab_5/Letter.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_5
+
+/**
+ * A class representing a single letter in a word.
+ *
+ * @property character a character value of a Letter.
+ */
+class Letter(private val character: Char) {
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        return this.character.toString()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the two objects of class Letter are "equal".
+     *
+     * @param letter a letter to compare.
+     * @param ignoreCase if set to "true" will ignore the case of Letters compared.
+     * @return "true" if letters are equal and "false" if they aren't.
+     */
+    fun letterEquals(letter: Letter, ignoreCase: Boolean): Boolean {
+        return this.character.toString().equals(letter.toString(), ignoreCase)
+    }
+}

Java/lab_5/Punctuation.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_5
+
+/**
+ * A class representing a punctuation mark following a word or a sentence.
+ *
+ * @property punctuationMark a [String] value of a punctuation mark.
+ */
+class Punctuation(var punctuationMark: String) {
+
+    init {
+        if (!"\\p{Punct}".toRegex().containsMatchIn(punctuationMark)) {
+            this.punctuationMark = ""
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        return punctuationMark
+    }
+}

Java/lab_5/Sentence.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_5
+
+/**
+ * A class representing a single sentence is a text.
+ *
+ * @property sentenceArray a [Pair] of [Array]s of [Word] and [Punctuation] objects that make up a sentence.
+ *
+ * @constructor a primary constructor accepts a [Pair] of [Array]s of [Word] and [Punctuation] objects, a secondary one accepts a string representing the entire sentence.
+ */
+class Sentence(var sentenceArray: Pair<Array<Word>, Array<Punctuation>>) {
+
+    constructor(
+        sentenceString: String
+    ) : this(
+        Pair(
+            sentenceString.split("[\\p{Punct}\\s]+".toRegex()).filter { it.isNotEmpty() }.map { word -> Word(word) }.toTypedArray(),
+            sentenceString.split(" ").map { word -> Punctuation(word.last().toString()) }.toTypedArray()
+        )
+    )
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of all [Letter] objects in a sentence.
+     */
+    fun getAllLetters(): Array<Letter> {
+        var allLetters = arrayOf<Letter>()
+        this.sentenceArray.first.forEach { allLetters += it.letters }
+        return allLetters
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        var sentence = arrayOf<String>()
+        this.sentenceArray.first.indices.forEach {sentence += this.sentenceArray.first[it].toString() + this.sentenceArray.second[it].toString() }
+        return sentence.joinToString(" ")
+    }
+}

Java/lab_5/Text.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_5
+
+/**
+ * A class representing the entire text.
+ *
+ * @property textArray a [Pair] of [Array]s of [Sentence] and [Punctuation] objects that make up a text.
+ *
+ * @constructor a primary constructor accepts a [Pair] of [Array]s of [Sentence] and [Punctuation] objects, a secondary one accepts a string representing the entire text.
+ */
+class Text(var textArray: Pair<Array<Sentence>, Array<Punctuation>>) {
+
+    constructor(
+        textString: String
+    ) : this(
+        Pair(
+            textString.split("[.!?] ?".toRegex()).filter { it.isNotEmpty() }.map { sentence -> Sentence(sentence) }.toTypedArray(),
+            textString.split("(?<=[.!?]) ?".toRegex()).filter { it.isNotEmpty() }.map { sentence -> Punctuation(sentence.last().toString()) }.toTypedArray()
+        )
+    )
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of all [Letter] objects in a sentence.
+     */
+    private fun getAllLetters(): Array<Letter> {
+        var allLetters = arrayOf<Letter>()
+        this.textArray.first.forEach { allLetters += it.getAllLetters() }
+        return allLetters
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Searches for the longest palindromic substring in a given text.
+     *
+     * @return the longest palindromic substring found.
+     */
+    fun palindromeSearch(): String {
+        var result = "  "
+
+        val letters = this.getAllLetters()
+
+        for (leftBoundary in letters.indices) {
+            for (rightBoundary in letters.lastIndex downTo leftBoundary + 1) {
+                val subToC = letters.sliceArray(leftBoundary..rightBoundary)
+
+                if (subToC.first().letterEquals(subToC.last(), true) && this.checkReverse(subToC) && subToC.size > result.length) {
+                    result = subToC.joinToString("")
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if a given substring is a palindrome.
+     *
+     * Is not case-sensitive.
+     *
+     * @param substring an [Array] of [Letter] objects representing a substring.
+     *
+     * @return "true" is a substring given is a palindrome, "false" if it isn't.
+     */
+    private fun checkReverse(substring: Array<Letter>): Boolean {
+        var leftBoundary = 0
+        var rightBoundary = substring.lastIndex
+        var result = false
+        val correction = substring.size % 2
+
+        while (leftBoundary < substring.size / 2 && rightBoundary >= substring.size / 2 + correction) {
+            leftBoundary++
+            rightBoundary--
+            result = substring[leftBoundary].letterEquals(substring[rightBoundary], true)
+        }
+
+        return result
+    }
+
+
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        var text = arrayOf<String>()
+        this.textArray.first.indices.forEach { text += this.textArray.first[it].toString() + this.textArray.second[it].toString() }
+        return text.joinToString(" ")
+    }
+}

Java/lab_5/Word.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_5
+
+/**
+ * A class representing a single word is a sentence.
+ *
+ * @property letters an array of [Letter] objects that make up a word.
+ *
+ * @constructor a primary constructor accepts an array of [Letter] objects, a secondary one accepts a string representing the entire word.
+ */
+class Word(var letters: Array<Letter>) {
+
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        val wordString = StringBuilder()
+        this.letters.forEach { wordString.append(it) }
+
+        return wordString.toString()
+    }
+
+    constructor(
+        word: String
+    ) : this((word.toCharArray().map { letter -> Letter(letter) }).toTypedArray())
+}

Java/lab_6/Album.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_6
+
+import kotlin.time.Duration
+
+/**
+ * Represents an album by a specific artist, containing multiple tracks.
+ *
+ * @property albumName The name of the album.
+ * @property artist The artist or band associated with the album.
+ * @property tracks An [Array] of tracks included on the album.
+ */
+class Album(val albumName: String, val artist: String, val tracks: Array<Track>) {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of tracks within the specified duration range.
+     */
+    fun tracksInDurationRange(durationRange: ClosedRange<Duration>): Array<Track> {
+        return this.tracks.filter { it.duration in durationRange }.toTypedArray()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the total duration of all tracks on the album.
+     */
+    fun totalDuration(): Duration {
+        var totalDuration: Duration = Duration.ZERO
+        this.tracks.forEach { totalDuration += it.duration }
+        return totalDuration
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        return "${this.albumName} by ${this.artist}\nTotal duration: ${this.totalDuration()}\nTracks:\n${this.tracks.joinToString("\n")}"
+    }
+}

Java/lab_6/Dancepop.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_6
+
+import kotlin.time.Duration
+
+/**
+ * Represents a track in the Dance-pop style.
+ *
+ * @param numberInAlbum The position of the track on the album.
+ * @param trackName The name of the track.
+ * @param feature The featured artist(s) in the track (nullable if no featured artist).
+ * @param duration The [Duration] of the track.
+ */
+class Dancepop(numberInAlbum: Int, trackName: String, feature: String?, duration: Duration): Track(numberInAlbum, trackName, feature, duration) {
+    override val style = "Dance-pop"
+}

Java/lab_6/Electropop.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_6
+
+import kotlin.time.Duration
+
+/**
+ * Represents a track in the Electropop style.
+ *
+ * @param numberInAlbum The position of the track on the album.
+ * @param trackName The name of the track.
+ * @param feature The featured artist(s) in the track (nullable if no featured artist).
+ * @param duration The [Duration] of the track.
+ */
+class Electropop(numberInAlbum: Int, trackName: String, feature: String?, duration: Duration): Track(numberInAlbum, trackName, feature, duration) {
+    override val style = "Electropop"
+}

Java/lab_6/Interlude.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_6
+
+import kotlin.time.Duration
+
+/**
+ * Represents an interlude track.
+ *
+ * @param numberInAlbum The position of the track on the album.
+ * @param trackName The name of the track.
+ * @param feature The featured artist(s) in the track (nullable if no featured artist).
+ * @param duration The [Duration] of the track.
+ */
+class Interlude(numberInAlbum: Int, trackName: String, feature: String?, duration: Duration): Track(numberInAlbum, trackName, feature, duration) {
+    override val style = "Interlude"
+}

Java/lab_6/Synthpop.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_6
+
+import kotlin.time.Duration
+
+/**
+ * Represents a track in the Synth-pop style.
+ *
+ * @param numberInAlbum The position of the track on the album.
+ * @param trackName The name of the track.
+ * @param feature The featured artist(s) in the track (nullable if no featured artist).
+ * @param duration The [Duration] of the track.
+ */
+class Synthpop(numberInAlbum: Int, trackName: String, feature: String?, duration: Duration): Track(numberInAlbum, trackName, feature, duration) {
+    override val style = "Synth-pop"
+}

Java/lab_6/Track.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_6
+
+import kotlin.time.Duration
+
+/**
+ * Represents a track on an album.
+ *
+ * @param numberInAlbum The position of the track on the album.
+ * @param trackName The name of the track.
+ * @param feature The featured artist(s) in the track (nullable if no featured artist).
+ * @param duration The [Duration] of the track.
+ */
+open class Track(val numberInAlbum: Int, val trackName: String, val feature: String?, val duration: Duration) {
+
+    /**
+     * The style or genre of the track.
+     */
+    open val style = ""
+
+    override fun toString(): String {
+        return if (this.feature == null) {
+            "#${this.numberInAlbum}: ${this.trackName} (${this.duration})"
+        } else {
+            "#${this.numberInAlbum}: ${this.trackName} ft. ${this.feature} (${this.duration})"
+        }
+    }
+}

Java/lab_6/main.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package OOP.Java.lab_6
+
+import kotlin.time.Duration.Companion.minutes
+import kotlin.time.Duration.Companion.seconds
+
+fun main() {
+
+    val chromatica = Album(
+        "Chromatica",
+        "Lady Gaga",
+        arrayOf(
+            Interlude(1, "Chromatica I", null, 1.minutes),
+            Synthpop(2, "Alice", null, 2.minutes + 57.seconds),
+            Dancepop(3, "Stupid Love", null, 3.minutes + 13.seconds),
+            Dancepop(4, "Rain On Me", "Ariana Grande", 3.minutes + 2.seconds),
+            Synthpop(5, "Free Woman", null, 3.minutes + 11.seconds),
+            Electropop(6, "Fun Tonight", null, 2.minutes + 53.seconds),
+            Interlude(7, "Chromatica II", null, 41.seconds),
+            Synthpop(8, "911", null, 2.minutes + 52.seconds),
+            Electropop(9, "Plastic Doll", null, 3.minutes + 41.seconds),
+            Dancepop(10, "Sour Candy", "Blackpink", 2.minutes + 37.seconds),
+            Dancepop(11, "Enigma", null, 2.minutes + 59.seconds),
+            Synthpop(12, "Replay", null, 3.minutes + 6.seconds),
+            Interlude(13, "Chromatica III", null, 27.seconds),
+            Electropop(14, "Sine From Above", "Elton John", 4.minutes + 4.seconds),
+            Synthpop(15, "1000 Doves", null, 3.minutes + 35.seconds),
+            Dancepop(16, "Babylon", null, 2.minutes + 41.seconds)
+        )
+    )
+
+    println("$chromatica\n")
+
+    println("${chromatica.albumName} tracks sorted by musical style:\n${chromatica.tracks.sortedBy { it.style }.joinToString("\n")}\n")
+
+    val durationRange = 1.minutes.. 3.minutes + 30.seconds
+
+    println(
+        "${chromatica.albumName} tracks in a duration range ($durationRange):\n${chromatica.tracksInDurationRange(durationRange).joinToString("\n")}"
+    )
+}
+
+

OOP_IO-2x_2023.iml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<module type="JAVA_MODULE" version="4">
-  <component name="NewModuleRootManager" inherit-compiler-output="true">
-    <exclude-output />
-    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/src" isTestSource="false" />
-    </content>
-    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
-    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
-  </component>
-</module>

Rust/lab_1/Cargo.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lab_1"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "text_io",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "text_io"
+version = "0.1.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d5f0c8eb2ad70c12a6a69508f499b3051c924f4b1cfeae85bfad96e6bc5bba46"

Rust/lab_1/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[package]
+name = "lab_1"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+text_io = "0.1.12"

Rust/lab_1/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+fn protected_read(variable_name: &str) -> i32 {
+    use text_io::try_read;
+    loop {
+        print!("Enter {}: ", variable_name);
+        let read_result: Result<i32, _> = try_read!();
+        match read_result {
+            Ok(read_integer) => return read_integer,
+            Err(_e) => println!("{} must be an integer!", variable_name.to_uppercase()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let n: i32 = protected_read("n");
+    let m: i32 = protected_read("m");
+    let a: i32 = protected_read("a");
+    let b: i32 = protected_read("b");
+
+    let s: f32 = ((b + m) as f32 / 2f32) * ((m - b + 1) * (n - a + 1)) as f32;
+
+    println!("S = {}", s);
+}

Rust/lab_2/Cargo.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lab_2"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "text_io",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "text_io"
+version = "0.1.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d5f0c8eb2ad70c12a6a69508f499b3051c924f4b1cfeae85bfad96e6bc5bba46"

Rust/lab_2/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[package]
+name = "lab_2"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+text_io = "0.1.12"

Rust/lab_2/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// #[allow(dead_code)]
+fn capitalise(s: &str) -> String {
+    let mut c = s.chars();
+    match c.next() {
+        None => String::new(),
+        Some(f) => f.to_uppercase().collect::<String>() + c.as_str(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn read_row() -> Vec<i16> {
+    loop {
+        print!("Row (separated by spaces): ");
+        let raw_row: String = text_io::read!("{}\n");
+        let trimmed_row: &str = raw_row.trim();
+        match trimmed_row.split(" ").all(|value| {
+            value.chars().all(|char| char.is_numeric() || char == '-')
+                && value.parse::<i32>().unwrap() <= i16::MAX as i32
+                && value.parse::<i32>().unwrap() >= i16::MIN as i32
+        }) {
+            true => {
+                return trimmed_row
+                    .split(" ")
+                    .map(|value| value.parse::<i16>().unwrap())
+                    .collect::<Vec<i16>>()
+            }
+            false => println!("[Error] The row must consist of short integers, try again."),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn generate_row(row_index: u16, length: u16) -> Vec<i16> {
+    return (0..length)
+        .map(|element_index| (element_index as i16 + 1) * (row_index as i16 + 1))
+        .collect();
+}
+
+fn read_matrix() -> Vec<Vec<i16>> {
+    let rows: u16 = protected_u16_read("the number of rows");
+    loop {
+        print!("Generate [s]quare or [r]ectangle matrix or [i]nput manually [s/r/i]: ");
+        let option: String = text_io::read!();
+        match option.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "s" => return (0..rows).map(|i| generate_row(i, rows)).collect(),
+            "r" => {
+                let columns: u16 = protected_u16_read("the number of columns");
+                return (0..rows).map(|i| generate_row(i, columns)).collect();
+            }
+            "i" => return (0..rows).map(|_| read_row()).collect(),
+            _ => println!("[Error] Not an option, try again."),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn protected_u16_read(variable_name: &str) -> u16 {
+    use text_io::try_read;
+    loop {
+        print!("Enter {}: ", variable_name);
+        let read_result: Result<u16, _> = try_read!();
+        match read_result {
+            Ok(read_integer) => return read_integer,
+            Err(_e) => println!(
+                "{} must be a short integer, try again.",
+                capitalise(variable_name)
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn multiply_matrix_by_number(matrix: &Vec<Vec<i16>>, multiplier: u16) -> Vec<Vec<i16>> {
+    return matrix
+        .iter()
+        .map(|row| {
+            row.iter()
+                .map(|element| element * multiplier as i16)
+                .collect()
+        })
+        .collect();
+}
+
+fn average_of_row(row: &Vec<i16>) -> f32 {
+    return row.iter().sum::<i16>() as f32 / row.len() as f32;
+}
+
+fn format_matrix(matrix: &Vec<Vec<i16>>) -> String {
+    let max_width = matrix
+        .iter()
+        .map(|row| {
+            row.iter()
+                .map(|element| element.to_string().len())
+                .max()
+                .unwrap()
+        })
+        .max()
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let mut formatted_matrix: String = matrix
+        .iter()
+        .map(|row| {
+            row.iter()
+                .map(|element| format!("| {:max_width$} ", element))
+                .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+                .join("")
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+        .join("|\n");
+    formatted_matrix.push('|');
+    return formatted_matrix;
+}
+
+fn format_column(column: &Vec<f32>) -> String {
+    let max_width = column
+        .iter()
+        .map(|element| element.to_string().len())
+        .max()
+        .unwrap();
+
+    return column
+        .iter()
+        .map(|element| format!("| {:max_width$} |", element))
+        .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+        .join("\n");
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let full_vec_test: Vec<Vec<i16>> = read_matrix();
+    println!("\nMatrix B:\n{}\n", format_matrix(&full_vec_test));
+
+    let mult_full_vec_test: Vec<Vec<i16>> =
+        multiply_matrix_by_number(&full_vec_test, protected_u16_read("matrix multiplier"));
+    println!("Matrix a×B:\n{}\n", format_matrix(&mult_full_vec_test));
+
+    let row_averages: Vec<f32> = mult_full_vec_test
+        .iter()
+        .map(|row| average_of_row(row))
+        .collect();
+    println!(
+        "Averages for each row in a×B:\n{}",
+        format_column(&row_averages)
+    );
+}

src/Main.java

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-public class Main {
-    public static void main(String[] args) {
-        System.out.println(args[2]);
-        System.out.println("Hello world!");
-//        System.out.println(1);
-    }
-
-    void myFunction() {
-
-    }
-
-    int myFunction2() {
-        return 1;
-    }
-}

src/encapsulationInheritancePolymorphism/Encapsulation.java

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-package encapsulationInheritancePolymorphism;
-
-public class Encapsulation {
-    /*private*/ int field;
-    private int field2;
-//    int a = 1;
-
-    public void myMethodForTheField () {
-        System.out.println(field);
-    }
-
-    public void myMethodForTheField2 () {
-        System.out.println(field);
-    }
-
-    public void myMethodForTheFieldAndTheField2 () {
-        System.out.println(field);
-    }
-}
-

src/encapsulationInheritancePolymorphism/EncapsulationInheritancePolymorphism.java

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-package encapsulationInheritancePolymorphism;
-
-public class EncapsulationInheritancePolymorphism {
-
-    public static void main(String[] args) {
-        int a = 1;
-//        var b = 2;
-//        System.out.println(b);
-    }
-}

src/encapsulationInheritancePolymorphism/Main.java

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-package encapsulationInheritancePolymorphism;
-
-public class Main {
-    public static void main(String[] args) {
-        Student student = new Student();
-
-
-
-
-        //...
-
-        student.setFaculty("FPM", "MO-22");
-    }
-}

src/encapsulationInheritancePolymorphism/Student.java

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-package encapsulationInheritancePolymorphism;
-
-public class Student {
-    private String name;
-    private String surname;
-    private String group;
-    private String faculty;
-
-
-    public String getName() {
-        return name;
-    }
-
-    public void setFaculty(String faculty, String group) {
-        this.faculty = faculty;
-        this.group = group;
-    }
-}

src/test/A.java

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-package test;
-
-public class A {
-    /*private*/ int f/* = 3*/;
-
-    public int getF() {
-        return f;
-    }
-
-    public void setF(int f) {
-        this.f = f;
-    }
-}

src/test/Main.java

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-package test;
-
-public class Main {
-    public static void main(String[] args) {
-        A a = new A();
-        System.out.println(a.getF());
-        a.setF(1);
-        System.out.println(a.getF());
-
-        System.out.println(a.f);
-
-        int[] array = {1, 2, 1};
-        System.out.println(array.length);
-    }
-}