Trying to multiply.

Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+[package]
+name = "rust_tests"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[profile.dev.package."*"] # +
+opt-level = "z"     # Optimize library for size
+
+[profile.release]
+#opt-level = 'z'     # Optimize for size
+opt-level = 3       # Optimize for speed
+lto = true          # Enable link-time optimization
+codegen-units = 1   # Reduce number of codegen units to increase optimizations
+panic = 'abort'     # Abort on panic
+strip = true        # Strip symbols from binary*
+
+[dependencies]
+text_io = "0.1.12"
+tabled = "0.14.0"

README.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# binaryCalculatorPrototype
-
-This is a Python language prototype for a binary calculator to be used in Computer Arithmetics lab works for first-year students studying Computer Engineering at KPI.

bitutilities.py

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-from collections import deque
-from typing_extensions import Self
-
-
-class BasicRegister:
-    """
-    The BasicRegister represents a hardware register capable of manipulating multiple bits at a time.
-
-    :param deque[bool] memory: The bits stored inside the register.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, memory: list[bool]):
-        self.memory: deque[bool] = deque(memory)
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"Memory: {[int(value) for value in  self.memory]}"
-
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"Memory: {[int(value) for value in  self.memory]}"
-
-    def __len__(self) -> int:
-        return len(self.memory)
-
-    def adjusted_by_size(self, resulting_size: int) -> Self:
-        """
-        Adjusts a register to a given size.
-
-        :param int resulting_size: The size of the resulting register.
-
-        :return: A register of a specified size.
-        :rtype: BasicRegister
-        """
-        current_memory_size: int = len(self.memory)
-        return BasicRegister(
-            [False] * max(resulting_size - current_memory_size, 0) + list(self.memory)[-resulting_size:]
-        )
-
-    def reverse(self):
-        self.memory = deque([not value for value in self.memory])
-
-    def left_shift(self, digit_to_fill: bool = False, steps_shifted: int = 1) -> deque[bool]:
-        self.memory.extend([digit_to_fill] * steps_shifted)
-        shifted_radices: deque[bool] = deque([self.memory.popleft() for _i in range(steps_shifted)])
-        return shifted_radices
-
-    def right_shift(self, digit_to_fill: bool = False, steps_shifted: int = 1) -> deque[bool]:
-        self.memory.extendleft([digit_to_fill] * steps_shifted)
-        shifted_radices: deque[bool] = deque([self.memory.pop() for _i in range(steps_shifted)])
-        return shifted_radices
-
-
-def get_memory(variable_name: str) -> list[bool]:
-    """
-    Reads user input to be used as a memory array.
-
-    :param str variable_name: The name to be displayed in the input line.
-
-    :return: A list of boolean values read from user.
-    :rtype: list[bool]
-    """
-    while True:
-        input_chars: list[str] = list(input(f"Enter {variable_name}: "))
-
-        if all(character in ["0", "1"] for character in input_chars):
-            return [True if character == "1" else False for character in input_chars]
-        else:
-            print(f"[ERROR] The {variable_name} may contain only 1-s and 0-s!")
-
-
-def binary_sum(first_term: BasicRegister, second_term: BasicRegister, return_remainder: bool = False)\
-        -> BasicRegister | tuple[BasicRegister, int]:
-    """
-    Sums two registers' values.
-
-    :param BasicRegister first_term: First register.
-    :param BasicRegister second_term: Second register.
-    :param bool return_remainder: True to return the tuple, False to return just the register.
-
-    :return: Register containing the sum or the tuple containing the register and carried radix.
-    :rtype: BasicRegister | tuple[BasicRegister, int]
-    """
-    size_a = len(first_term)
-    size_b = len(second_term)
-
-    required_size = max(size_a, size_b)
-
-    a = first_term
-    b = second_term
-
-    if size_a != size_b:
-        a = a.adjusted_by_size(required_size)
-        b = b.adjusted_by_size(required_size)
-
-    c = BasicRegister([False] * required_size)
-
-    carry = False
-    for i in range(required_size - 1, 0, -1):
-        current_bit_sum = a.memory[i] + b.memory[i] + carry
-        carry = bool(current_bit_sum & 2)
-        c.memory[i] = bool(current_bit_sum & 1)
-
-    final_bit_sum = a.memory[0] + b.memory[0] + carry
-    carry = bool(final_bit_sum & 2)
-    c.memory[0] = bool(final_bit_sum & 1)
-
-    if return_remainder:
-        return c, carry
-    else:
-        return c

main.py

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-import bitutilities as bu
-import timeit
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    reg: bu.BasicRegister = bu.BasicRegister(bu.get_memory("memory"))
-
-    print()
-    print("Register 1:")
-    print(reg)
-
-    print()
-    reg2: bu.BasicRegister = bu.BasicRegister(bu.get_memory("more memory"))
-
-    print()
-    print("Register 2:")
-    print(reg2)
-
-    print()
-    reg3: bu.BasicRegister = bu.binary_sum(reg, reg2)
-
-    print()
-    print("Sum:")
-    print(reg3)
-
-    carry_sum_test: tuple[bu.BasicRegister, int] = bu.binary_sum(reg, reg2, True)
-
-    print()
-    print("Sum & carry:")
-    # print(type(carry_sum_test))
-    print(carry_sum_test)

src/bit_utilities.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::{cmp, fmt};
+
+fn capitalise(s: &str) -> String {
+    let mut c = s.chars();
+    match c.next() {
+        None => String::new(),
+        Some(f) => f.to_uppercase().collect::<String>() + c.as_str(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// A basic register capable of storing binary data.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct BasicRegister {
+    /// A [VecDeque] that stores the binary data of the register.
+    memory: VecDeque<bool>,
+}
+
+impl BasicRegister {
+    /// Adjusts a register to a given size in bits.
+    pub fn adjusted_by_size(&mut self, resulting_size: usize) -> Self {
+        let current_memory_size: usize = self.memory.len();
+        let difference: i32 = current_memory_size as i32 - resulting_size as i32;
+
+        match current_memory_size > resulting_size {
+            true => BasicRegister::new(
+                (difference as usize..current_memory_size)
+                    .map(|i| self.memory[i])
+                    .collect::<VecDeque<bool>>(),
+            ),
+            false => {
+                let mut resulting_memory: VecDeque<bool> = vec![false; -difference as usize].into();
+                resulting_memory.append(&mut self.memory);
+                BasicRegister::new(resulting_memory)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a register which was logically negated.
+    pub fn negated(&self) -> Self {
+        BasicRegister::new(self.memory.iter().map(|val| !val).collect())
+    }
+
+    /// Shifts the register to the left by a specified number of steps, shifting in the provided values.
+    pub fn left_shifted(&self, shift_in_value: bool, bits_shifted: usize) -> Self {
+        let mut shifted_memory = self.memory.clone();
+
+        for _ in 0..bits_shifted {
+            shifted_memory.pop_front();
+            shifted_memory.push_back(shift_in_value)
+        }
+
+        BasicRegister::new(shifted_memory)
+    }
+
+    /// Shifts the register to the left by a specified number of steps, shifting in the provided values.
+    pub fn right_shifted(&self, shift_in_value: bool, bits_shifted: i32) -> Self {
+        let mut shifted_memory = self.memory.clone();
+
+        for _i in 0..bits_shifted {
+            shifted_memory.pop_back();
+            shifted_memory.push_front(shift_in_value)
+        }
+
+        BasicRegister::new(shifted_memory)
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a new BasicRegister from a given VecDeque<bool> as memory.
+    pub fn new(memory: VecDeque<bool>) -> Self {
+        Self { memory }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of bits stored in a register.
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.memory.len()
+    }
+
+    pub fn table(&self) -> String {
+        use tabled::{builder::Builder, settings::Style};
+        let mut m_row: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+        self.memory
+            .iter()
+            .for_each(|bit| m_row.push((*bit as u8).to_string()));
+        let mut builder: Builder = Builder::default();
+        builder.push_record(
+            self.memory
+                .iter()
+                .map(|bit| (*bit as u8).to_string())
+                .collect::<Vec<String>>(),
+        );
+
+        builder.build().with(Style::modern()).to_string()
+    }
+
+    fn decrement(&mut self) {
+        let one = BasicRegister::new([true].into()).adjusted_by_size(self.len());
+        self.memory = binary_subtraction(self, &one).memory;
+    }
+
+    fn increment(&mut self) {
+        let one = BasicRegister::new([true].into()).adjusted_by_size(self.len());
+        self.memory = binary_sum(self, &one).memory;
+    }
+
+    fn non_zero(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.memory.iter().any(|i| *i)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for BasicRegister {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            memory: [false].into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for BasicRegister {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "Memory: [")?;
+
+        for (count, v) in self.memory.iter().enumerate() {
+            if count != 0 {
+                write!(f, ", ")?;
+            }
+            write!(f, "{}", *v as u8)?;
+        }
+
+        write!(f, "]")
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Binary for BasicRegister {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        for v in self.memory.iter() {
+            write!(f, "{}", *v as u8)?;
+        }
+
+        write!(f, "")
+    }
+}
+
+/// Converts a u8 number to a boolean.
+///
+/// # Returns
+/// * false - if the number is zero or below.
+/// * true - if the number is above zero.
+fn u8_to_bool(number: u8) -> bool {
+    number > 0
+}
+
+/// Reads a Vec<char> containing only 1-s and 0-s from user.
+fn read_vec(variable_name: &str) -> Vec<char> {
+    loop {
+        print!("Enter {variable_name}: ");
+        let input: String = text_io::read!("{}\n");
+        match input.chars().all(|c| c == '1' || c == '0') {
+            true => return input.chars().collect(),
+            false => eprintln!(
+                "[ERROR] {} may contain only 1-s and 0-s with no whitespaces!",
+                capitalise(variable_name)
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Converts a Vec<char> containing only 1-s and 0-s to VecDeque<bool>.
+pub fn char_to_bool_vecdeque(char_vector: Vec<char>) -> VecDeque<bool> {
+    let mut bool_vector: VecDeque<bool> = VecDeque::new();
+
+    for value in char_vector.into_iter() {
+        match value {
+            '0' => bool_vector.push_back(false),
+            '1' => bool_vector.push_back(true),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool_vector
+}
+
+/// Handles getting the memory for the register from the user.
+pub fn get_memory(variable_name: &str) -> VecDeque<bool> {
+    char_to_bool_vecdeque(read_vec(variable_name))
+}
+
+/// Aligns two registers by the length of the bigger one.
+pub fn align_registers(
+    mut first_register: BasicRegister,
+    mut second_register: BasicRegister,
+) -> (BasicRegister, BasicRegister) {
+    let required_size: usize = cmp::max(first_register.len(), second_register.len());
+
+    (
+        first_register.adjusted_by_size(required_size),
+        second_register.adjusted_by_size(required_size),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Sums two terms containing binary numbers and keeps the carry-out.
+/// Returns a tuple containing the register with result and a carry-out.
+fn binary_sum_with_carry(
+    first_term: &BasicRegister,
+    second_term: &BasicRegister,
+) -> (BasicRegister, bool) {
+    let mut sum: BasicRegister = BasicRegister::new(vec![false; first_term.len()].into());
+
+    let mut carry: bool = false;
+    let mut current_bit_sum: u8;
+    for i in (0..first_term.len()).rev() {
+        current_bit_sum = first_term.memory[i] as u8 + second_term.memory[i] as u8 + carry as u8;
+        carry = u8_to_bool(current_bit_sum & 2);
+        sum.memory[i] = u8_to_bool(current_bit_sum & 1);
+    }
+
+    (sum, carry)
+}
+
+/// Sums two terms containing binary numbers.
+/// Returns the BasicRegister with the result.
+pub fn binary_sum(first_term: &BasicRegister, second_term: &BasicRegister) -> BasicRegister {
+    binary_sum_with_carry(first_term, second_term).0
+}
+
+/// Subtracts the value of the subtrahend from the minuend in binary using ones' complement.
+pub fn binary_subtraction(minuend: &BasicRegister, subtrahend: &BasicRegister) -> BasicRegister {
+    let (difference, final_carry) = binary_sum_with_carry(minuend, &subtrahend.negated());
+
+    match final_carry {
+        true => {
+            let mut complement: Vec<bool> = vec![false; difference.len() - 1];
+            complement.extend([true]);
+            binary_sum(&difference, &BasicRegister::new(complement.into()))
+        }
+        false => difference.negated(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Multiplies the first term by the second term.
+pub fn binary_multiplication_method_1(
+    first_term: &BasicRegister,
+    second_term: &BasicRegister,
+) -> BasicRegister {
+    let n = first_term.len();
+    let mut rg1: BasicRegister = BasicRegister::new(vec![false; n].into());
+    let mut rg2: &BasicRegister = first_term;
+    let rg3: &BasicRegister = second_term;
+    let mut counter: BasicRegister = BasicRegister::new(char_to_bool_vecdeque(format!("{n:b}").chars().collect()));
+
+    let _i = 0;
+
+    while counter.non_zero() {
+        let value_to_check = rg2.memory[n - 1].clone();
+        if value_to_check {
+            rg1 = binary_sum(&rg1, rg3);
+        }
+
+        let new_rg2 = rg2.right_shifted(rg1.memory[n - 1], 1).clone();
+        rg2 = &rg2.right_shifted(rg1.memory[n - 1], 1);
+        rg1 = rg1.right_shifted(false, 1);
+        counter.decrement();
+    }
+
+    rg1.memory.append(&mut rg2.memory.clone());
+    rg1
+}

src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+mod bit_utilities;
+
+use bit_utilities as bu;
+use text_io::read;
+
+fn input_handler() {
+    let (mut first_register, mut second_register) = bu::align_registers(
+        bu::BasicRegister::new(bu::get_memory("first number")),
+        bu::BasicRegister::new(bu::get_memory("second number")),
+    );
+
+    // println!();
+    // println!("First register:\n{}", first_register.table());
+    // println!("Second register:\n{}", second_register.table());
+
+    loop {
+        print!("\nChoose the operation:\n[a]ddition, [s]ubtraction, [m]ultiplication, [d]ivision, [q]uit\n>>> ");
+        let input: String = read!();
+        match input.as_str() {
+            "a" => {
+                let sum: bu::BasicRegister = bu::binary_sum(&first_register, &second_register);
+                println!("Sum:\n{}\nResult (to copy): {sum:b}", sum.table())
+            }
+            "s" => {
+                let difference: bu::BasicRegister =
+                    bu::binary_subtraction(&first_register, &second_register);
+                println!(
+                    "Difference:\n{}\nResult (to copy): {difference:b}",
+                    difference.table()
+                )
+            },
+            "m" => loop {
+                print!("\nChoose method to use (1-4): ");
+                let method_input: String = read!();
+                match method_input.as_str() {
+                    "1" => {
+                        println!("{}", bu::binary_multiplication_method_1(&first_register, &second_register));
+                        break;
+                    },
+                    _ => println!("Not an available operation, try again."),
+                }
+            },
+            "d" => (),
+            "q" => std::process::exit(0x0100),
+            _ => println!("Not an available operation, try again."),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // let mut reg = bu::BasicRegister::new(bu::get_memory("your number"));
+    // let mut reg2 = bu::BasicRegister::new(bu::get_memory("your number"));
+    //
+    // println!("{reg}");
+    // println!("{reg2}");
+    // println!("{}", bu::binary_multiplication_method_1(reg, reg2))
+    input_handler();
+}